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ObjectiveTo predict the potential targets and mechanism of Jingfang mixture in the treatment of H1N1 influenza and provide references for clinical application of Jingfang mixture. MethodThe active components and targets of Jingfang mixture against H1N1 influenza were screened out by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP），SwissTargetPrediction， and TargetNet. The targets of H1N1 influenza were obtained from GeneCards，Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， and DisGeNET and standardized by UniProt KB. The intersection targets were obtained by Venny 2.1.0. The "drug-component-target" network was constructed with Cytoscape 3.2.1 and analyzed for the topological attributes. The intersection targets were uploaded to STRING 11.5 to obtain the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network. Gene Ontology （GO） enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） analysis were carried out by Metascape. Finally，the top active components ranked by degree were docked to the core targets by Autodock vina and visually analyzed by PyMOL. Balb/c female rats were used for experimental verification. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-10（IL-10）， and interleukin-17（IL-17）. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels in lung tissues. ResultThere were 144 active components in Jingfang mixture. A total of 421 target genes of Jingfang mixture and 2 956 targets of H1N1 influenza were identified，including 199 common targets. Topological analysis showed that the core components of Jingfang mixture against H1N1 influenza included quercetin，luteolin， and kaempferol，and the core targets included prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2（PTGS2），estrogen receptor alpha（ESR1），inducible nitric oxide synthase 2（iNOS2），peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ（PPARγ），and cyclooxygenase-1（PTGS1）. GO enrichment yielded 697 items in biological process （BP） （P<0.01）， 59 items in molecular function （MF）（P<0.01）， and 21 items in cellular component （CC） （P<0.01）. A total of 132 signaling pathways （P<0.01） were obtained by KEGG enrichment analysis， including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt） signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） signaling pathway，most of which were related to the regulation of immune inflammation. Molecular docking showed that the binding energy of the active components of Jingfang mixture to the core targets was less than -5.0 kcal·mol-1，indicating good binding activity. HE staining showed that the lung tissues were significantly improved after drug intervention，and Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that Jingfang mixture could reduce the mRNA and protein expression of PI3K and Akt in lung tissues. ConclusionJingfang mixture can play an anti-viral effect against the influenza A virus through multiple components，multiple targets， and multiple pathways. The active components quercetin，luteolin， and kaempferol may control the inflammation and regulate immunity on the PI3K/Akt，MAPK， and other signaling pathways by acting on targets such as PTGS2，ESR1，iNOS2，PPARγ， and PTGS1.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical application characteristics of prescription preparations for external use in the Chinese pharmacopoeia 2020 edition （hereafter abbreviated as the Pharmacopoeia）. MethodThe topical functions， usage， dosage， dosage form， application method， and prescription of the preparations for external use in the Pharmacopoeia were analyzed. ResultThe Chinese pharmacopoeia 2020 edition includes a total of 138 prescription preparations for external use， the specific clinical usage， dosage， administration method， and efficacy evaluation of which remain unclear. These preparations can be used to treat a wide range of diseases. Specifically， the use in orthopedics and traumatology （36 preparations， accounting for 26.09%） is dominant， followed by that in internal medicine， surgery， and throat. The major application method is directly applying to the diseased area （35 preparations， 25.36%）. The main dosage forms are ointment （40 preparations， 28.99%） and powder （24 preparations， 17.39%） and others include liniments， suppositories， tinctures， and sprays. The clinical usage and dosage of these preparations are mostly unclear. Only 48 preparations （34.78%） are recorded with clear dosage and frequency of use， and 45 preparations （32.61%） have neither clear dosage nor frequency of use. The 138 prescription preparations for external use include 211 single medicines， of which 44 single medicines can be used alone. The single medicines are mostly used for heat clearing （48 preparations， 22.75%）. ConclusionThe Chinese pharmacopoeia 2020 edition （Volume I） records a large number of prescription preparations for external use， and the number shows an increasing trend. However， the usage， dosage， and efficacy evaluation criteria of these preparations remain to be improved and need in-depth research.
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ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of total flavonoids of peony flower （TFPF） in protecting rats from gouty nephropathy and provide data support for the pharmaceutical research on the treatment of gouty nephropathy. MethodGouty nephropathy rat model was established by adenine combined with ethambutol. Rats were randomly assigned into blank control group， model group， allopurinol （42 mg·kg-1） group， Tongfengshu tablets （600 mg·kg-1， positive control） group， and TFPF （260， 130， and 65 mg·kg-1） groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-18 （IL-18） in rat serum and those of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） and IL-1β in renal homogenate. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was carried out for observation of the morphological changes of renal cells. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） was conducted for observation of the DNA damage in renal cells. The expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， cysteine aspartic acid protease（Caspase）-1 and IL-1β were observed by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1 and nuclear transcription factor -κB （NF-κB） in renal tissues were detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with blank group， the contents of TNF-α， MCP-1， IL-1β， IL-18， and TGF-β1 in serum of model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the expressions of NLRP3， Caspase-1， NF-κB and IL-1β in kidney of model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The renal tissue cells showed cytoplasmic swelling， cell membrane rupture， and the number of nuclear pyknotic fracture increased. The positive rate of TUNEL staining was significantly increased in model group （P<0.01）， and the contents of IL-1β and TGF-β1 in renal tissue homogenate were significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the contents of inflammatory factors TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-18 in serum of rats in TFPF high- and medium-dose groups could be decreased to different degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the content of MCP-1 in TFPF high-dose group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The content of TGF-β1 in renal tissue homogenate in TFPF high- and medium-dose groups was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the content of IL-1β in renal tissue homogenate in TFPF medium-dose group was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. HE staining showed that each dose group of TFPF could improve the status of renal tubular epithelial cells， reduce cytoplasmic swelling and the number of nuclear pyknosis to varying degrees. The positive rate of TUNEL staining was decreased （P<0.01） and DNA damage was decreased. The expression of NLRP3， Caspase-1， IL-1β and NF-κB protein in renal tissue cells was inhibited （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTFPF protects rats from gouty nephropathy by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Specifically， it may inhibit the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathways to reduce the expression， maturation， and release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 and further inhibit pyroptosis， thereby reversing the inflammatory injury of kidney in gouty nephropathy.
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@#Corneal avascularity is critical for its immune privilege and optical transparency. It remains avascular in spite of being surrounded by vessel-enriched conjunctiva. The endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors are responsible to the cornea's avascularity.MicroRNAs(miRs)are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs. Some miRs, such as miR-184, 204, and 21, are involved in the process of corneal neovascularization. In this article, we summarized the studies of miRs related to corneal neovascularization in order to provide a useful guidance for future therapy and research.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different types of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and hormone therapy in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA).@*METHODS@#The clinical data and serological characteristics of 40 patients with AIHA treated in our hospital from 2014 to 2018 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The efficacy and safety of different type of RBC transfusion and hormone therapy were evaluated according to the principle of minimally incompatible RBC transfusion after cross-matching.@*RESULTS@#Among 40 patients with AIHA, the female cases were more than the male cases, the cases of secondary AIHA was more than cases of primary AIHA, and the warm autoantibodies were in the majority. 11 cases of AIHA underwent 26 times minimally incompatible red blood cell transfusions. The total effective rate was 46.2%, the partial efficiency was 23.1%, and total inefficiency was 30.8%. Among them, the same type of non-washing red blood cell group showed efficiency of 42.1%, partial effective rate of 21.1%, and inefficiency of 36.8%; the same type of washed red blood cell group showed efficiency of 57.1%, partial effective rate of 28.6%, and inefficiency of 14.3%. the infusion effects was not significanly different between the two groups, and no hemolytic transfusion reaction occurred. In the hormone-treated group, the complete remission rate was 15.2%, the partial remission rate was 63.6%, and the ineffective rate was 21.2%. Among them, the side effects appeared in 2 patients after using hormones.@*CONCLUSION@#When AIHA patients need blood transfusion, use the same type of non-washed red blood cells or homologous washed cells is relatively safe, and the difference in efficacy is not significant. The partial remission of patients received hormone therapy is much higher than that of red blood cell transfusion, but the side effects easily happen.
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Female , Humans , Male , Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune , Autoantibodies , Blood Transfusion , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Erythrocytes , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective:Analyze the composition of Tongzhifang，regularity of modified prescriptions based on outpatient medical records of national famous Chinese medicine practitioner Professor YU Ying-ao for the treatment of epilepsy as well as data mining， and summarize the clinical experience of Professor YU in diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy， in order to provide the reference basis for the traditional Chinese medicine treatment epilepsy. Method:Based on the data of outpatient medical records of Professor YU for epilepsy diagnosis and treatment，this study conducted standard patient follow-up，clinical data collection，pretreatment and mining analysis，and was confirmed through expert interviews. Liquorice 2.3 data mining platform and SPSS 17.0 were used for data management and statistical analysis. Result:A total of 1 219 medical records of 243 cases were completely collected. As a result， Professor YU Ying-ao's Tongzhifang for epilepsy was based on ancient prescription Baijinwan，in which Shenglongchi and Ostreae Concha enhance tranquilizing and hyperactivity-subduing effects，Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium，Armeniacae Semen Amarum，Arisaema Cum Bile and Bambusae Caulis in Taenias eliminate phlegm and free channels， Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Persicae Semen promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis， and the 10 herbs were meticulously composed and well compatible. According to the small sample data，the total effective rate of patients with tetany type epilepsy taking this prescription for 3 months and 6 months was 80% （P<0.01）， with no adverse reactions. As for the dosage of Tongzhifang，the dosage for adult pills is generally 3-6 times that of decoction prescriptions，and the dosage for children's pills is generally 5-10 times that of decoction prescriptions. Under the guidance of the combination of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation，epilepsy at the acute phase was treated with additionally Hupomo 1.5-3 g，the ratio of Curcumae Radix to Alumen is usually 4∶1， severe convulsion was treated with additionally Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis， Bombyx Batryticatus and Pheretima， epilepsy due to trauma was treated with additionally Typhae Pollen， Eupolyphaga Steleophaga， Carthami Flos and Radix Paeoniae Rubra； constipation was treated with additionally Cannabis Fructus； fatigue was treated with additionally Astragali Radix； dyspepsia was treated with additionally Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum； and irritability treated with additionally Gentiana scabra Bunge. Conclusion:The composition of Professor YU's Tongzhifang for treating epilepsy with Qianzhen Zhixian Huatan Tongluo method is relatively stable. Modified prescriptions are based on syndrome differentiation. Clinical experience and dosage range of decoction prescription and pill prescription for adults and children are available.
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Tumor, especially malignant tumor has become one of the major diseases, a serious threat to the health of people around the world. Modern clinical practice shows that the natural active products extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, marine medicine and other natural drugs, such as terpenes, alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile oils and peptides, can effectively inhibit the growth of tumor cells. In this paper, the active components of natural antitumor products in recent years were summarized and their related mechanism was elucidated, so as to provide theoretical basis for the further development of natural antitumor drugs.
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Objective To compare the differences of cardiotoxicity of alcohol extract from root, stem and leaf of Chloranthus serratus in the rats, and discuss preliminarily its mechanism of toxicity. Methods Rats were randomly divided into four groups: blank, root alcohol, stem alcohol and leaf alcohol, with 8 in each group. After 14 days of continuous intragastric administration, the body mass change curves were drawn. The cardiac coefficient was calculated. The contents of creatine kinase （CK）, creatine kinase isoenzyme （CK-MB）, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase （α-HBDH） as well as the content changes of oxidative stress indexes - total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA） in the serum of rats were detected. The cardiac pathomorphology changes in the rats were observed. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule （ICAM-1） and heme oxygenase （HO-1） in myocardial tissue was detected. Results Body mass growth rate： stem alcohol group was the smallest, followed by leaf alcohol group. The difference of cardiac coefficient of every group had no statistical significance （P>0.05）. The myocardial tissues of stem alcohol group suffered the most serious damage, followed by the leaf alcohol group. The contents of CK, CK-MB, LDH and α-HBDH in stem alcohol group increased （P<0.05）. The increase of MDA content and decrease of T-SOD content in stem alcohol group had statistical significance compared with the blank group and root alcohol group, while the leaf alcohol group only had statistical significance in the decrease of T-SOD content compared with the blank group （P<0.05）. The positive expression of ICAM-1 enhanced and the expression of HO-1 protein decreased in every group after the intervention of different extracts. The change trend was stem alcohol > leaf alcohol > root alcohol group. Conclusion The alcohol extract from the stem has the highest cardiotoxicity, followed by the leaf extract, and its mechanism of toxicity may be related to oxidative stress.
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Animals , Rats , Cardiotoxicity , Ethanol , Heart/drug effects , Malondialdehyde , Myocardium/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Roots/chemistry , Plant Stems/chemistry , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To determine factors influencing the immunization of measles vaccine(MV) among health care workers in Hangzhou, and to provide recommendations to promote their MV immunization. Methods In 2016, we used typical sampling method to select 2 general hospitals of 3 different levels, 1 infectious diseases hospital and 1 children's hospital, and interviewed health care workers in high and low measles risk departments to investigate their MV immunization by using a structured questionnaire. Factors influencing their immunization were analyzed by logistic regression model. Results A total of 141 of 349 health care workers investigated had MV immunization history, and the MV immunization coverage rate was 40.40%.The logistic regression analysis showed that working in low measles risk department(OR=1.91, 95%CI: 1.20-3.04) was risk factors for MV immunization, and having confidence with the effectiveness of MV(OR=0.40, 95%CI: 0.21-0.78) . Knowing the "measles vaccination suggestion" (OR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.28-0.91) and the hospital had organized measles vaccination for health care workers in recent years(OR=0.35, 95%CI: 0.22-0.57) were protective factors for MV immunization. Conclusions Health care workers in Hangzhou had low MV coverage but high willingness. We should enhance education activity of MV immunization and organize measles vaccination for health care worker at regular intervals by hospitals to increase the MV coverage.
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This study aimed to explore the mechanism of a novel mutation (p.Lys38Glu) in apolipoprotein H (APOH) gene causing hereditary beta2-glycoprotein Ⅰ (β2GPI) deficiency and thrombosis in a proband with thrombophilia.The plasma level of β2GPI was measured by ELISA and Western blotting,and anti-β2GPI antibody by ELISA.Lupus anticoagulant (LA) was assayed using the dilute Russell viper venom time.Deficiency of the major natural anticoagulants including protein C (PC),protein S (PS),antithrombin (AT) and thrombomodulin (TM) was excluded from the proband.A mutation analysis was performed by amplification and sequencing of the APOH gene.Wild type and mutant (c.112A＞G) APOH expression plasmids were constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells.The results showed that the thrombin generation capacity of the proband was higher than that of the other family members.Missense mutation p.Lys38Glu in APOH gene and LA coexisted in the proband.The mutation led to β2GPI deficiency and thrombosis by impairing the protein production and inhibiting the platelet aggregation.It was concluded that the recurrent thrombosis of the proband is associated with the coexistence ofp.Lys38Glu mutation in APOH gene and LA in plasma.
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This study aimed to explore the mechanism of a novel mutation (p.Lys38Glu) in apolipoprotein H (APOH) gene causing hereditary beta2-glycoprotein Ⅰ (β2GPI) deficiency and thrombosis in a proband with thrombophilia.The plasma level of β2GPI was measured by ELISA and Western blotting,and anti-β2GPI antibody by ELISA.Lupus anticoagulant (LA) was assayed using the dilute Russell viper venom time.Deficiency of the major natural anticoagulants including protein C (PC),protein S (PS),antithrombin (AT) and thrombomodulin (TM) was excluded from the proband.A mutation analysis was performed by amplification and sequencing of the APOH gene.Wild type and mutant (c.112A＞G) APOH expression plasmids were constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells.The results showed that the thrombin generation capacity of the proband was higher than that of the other family members.Missense mutation p.Lys38Glu in APOH gene and LA coexisted in the proband.The mutation led to β2GPI deficiency and thrombosis by impairing the protein production and inhibiting the platelet aggregation.It was concluded that the recurrent thrombosis of the proband is associated with the coexistence ofp.Lys38Glu mutation in APOH gene and LA in plasma.
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Myeloma nephropathy is a common complication in patients with myltiple myeloma (MM) that causes high morbidity. In the majority of cases, renal impairment is caused by the accumulation and precipitation of light chains, which form casts in the distal tubules, resulting in renal obstruction. This review discusses the recent advances on its treatment, so as to provide reference for clinical treatment of MM induced-renal failure.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics and curative effect in 61 adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 61 patients (≥15 years old) with ALL enrolled from January 2010 to December 2014 were studied retrospectively. The relationship between clinical characteristics and curative effect was analyzed. The univariate and multivariate analyses related with the overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were conducted by using the method of COX regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-four patients obtained complete remission (CR) in all 61 cases. The total CR rate was 72.13%. Age of onset, WBC count at first visit, CNS involvement or not, status of myeloid antigen expression and Ph chromosome condition were the important factors affecting the CR rate (P<0.05). The 2 years OS rate of all the 61 cases was 28.13%, the median OS time was 11 months (95% CI 9.58-12.42). The 2 years OS rate and DFS rate of the 44 patients in CR were 39.57% and 34.29% respectively. As showed by univariate analysis, the age of onset, WBC count at first visit, whether achieved CR or not after induction chemotherapy, and whether accepted consolidation therapy or allo-HSCT therapy after CR were factors affecting the prognosis of adult ALL patients. The result of multivariate analysis showed that the older age (P=0.001), induction chemotherapy did not achieve CR (P=0.018) and patients did not received consolidation after CR(P=0.005) , all these were independent risk factors for DFS.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CR rate after induction chemotherapy is high in adult ALL patients, but the OS rate is low. To achieve CR and to maintain consolidation treatment after CR may be helpful to improve the long-term survival.</p>
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Cancer is a major health concern and leading burden on economy worldwide. An increasing effort is devoted to isolation and development of plant-derived dietary components as effective chemo-preventive products. Phytochemical compounds from natural resources such as fruits and vegetables are responsible for decreasing the risk of certain cancers among the consuming populations. Apigenin, a flavonoid phytochemical found in many kinds of fruits and vegetables, has been shown to exert significant biological effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and most particularly anti-neoplastic properties. This review is intended to summarize the most recent advances in the anti-proliferative and chemo-preventive effects of apigenin in different cancer models. Analysis of the data from the studied cancer models has revealed that apigenin exerts its anti-proliferative effects through multiple and complex pathways. This guided us to discover some controversial results about the exact role of certain molecular pathways such as autophagy in the anticancer effects of apigenin. Further, there were cumulative positive evidences supporting the involvement of certain pathways such as apoptosis, ROS and DNA damage and repair. Apigenin possesses a high potential to be used as a chemosensitizing agent through the up-regulation of DR5 pathway. According to these preclinical findings we recommend that further robust unbiased studies should consider the possible interactions between different molecular pathways.
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Animals , Humans , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Apigenin , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Autophagy , Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Metabolism , Phytochemicals , Chemistry , PharmacologyABSTRACT
The safety and effectiveness of a novel Chinese one-shot dilation technique based on stimulated diuresis for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) were investigated. After the feasibility of the Chinese one-shot dilation based on stimulated diuresis was verified by an animal study, this technique was applied in the clinical practice. A total of 67 patients in our department underwent the modified PCNL from July 2014 to June 2015. After the renal infundibulum was distended by stimulated diuresis, the kidney was punctured under the ultrasonographic guidance via the fornix of the target calyx. The working channel was dilated using a special designed pencil-shaped fascial dilator. The successful access rate, nephrostomy tract creation time, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin values and serum creatinine concentrations, stone-free rate and complications were recorded and analyzed. The renal infundibulum was successfully distended in all of the patients by the diuresis treatment. Under the ultrasonographic guidance, the successful access rate was 100% and the mean tract creation time was 2.0 min (range: 1.5-5.0 min). The stone-free rate right after surgery was 91.0%. Although the postoperative hemoglobin was significantly reduced (P<0.01), transfusion was not clinically necessary. There was no significant difference in serum creatinine concentrations before and after operation (P>0.05). No severe complication occurred during or after the PCNL. It was suggested that this Chinese one-shot dilation technique based on stimulated diuresis is an efficient and safe innovation for PCNL, and is even helpful for those patients with non-dilated pelvicaliceal systems.
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Adult , Aged , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Creatinine , Blood , Diuresis , Hemoglobins , Metabolism , Kidney , General Surgery , Nephrostomy, Percutaneous , Methods , Postoperative Complications , Surgery, Computer-Assisted , Methods , Swine , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression of PXR (Pregnane X receptor) in several malignant hematological cell lines, and to investigate the reversal effect of Gambogic acid (GA) on multi-drug resistance (MDR) of K562/A02 cell line and its reversal mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Transcription of PXR was detected by real-time PCR in several malignant hematological cell lines. The growth inhibition rate of K562/A02 in different experimental groups was assayed by MTT method, and the expression of PXR protein was measured by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PXR gene transcription could be detected in several hematological malignancy cell lines, and it was significantly higher in K562/A02 cell line, compared with the other cell lines used in this experiment. Low-dose GA could enhance cell growth inhibition rate, increasing the effect of chemotherapy, which may be associated with down-regulation of PXR expression. PXR gene transcription and protein expression in GA and DNR+GA groups decreased as compared with control group and the DNR group, suggesting that low-dose GA can down-regulate PXR gene transcription and protein expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PXR gene transcription can be detected in several hematological malignancy cell line, which is significantly higher in K562/A02 cell line, as compared with the other cell lines used in this experiment. Low-dose GA can enhance cell growth inhibition rate, increasing the effect of chemotherapy, which may be associated with down-regulation of PXR expression.</p>
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Humans , Citrates , Daunorubicin , Down-Regulation , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , K562 Cells , Leukemia , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Receptors, Steroid , XanthonesABSTRACT
AlM: To explore a formula between the diopter , cornea diopter ( CD ) , anteriou chamber depth ( ACD ) , lens thickness ( LENS ) , vitreous depth ( VlTR ) , and ocular axis longitude ( AL ) of high school students in certain middle school, and to predict the diopter with the biometry data of refractive factors on the students. METHODS: The related ocular examinations were performed to 364 eyes of 182 high school students in certain middle school by cluster sampling method. Optometry was for diopter and A-ultrasonic biometry was for ACD, LENS, VlTR, and AL. The data were analyzed with SPSS to sum up a poly-variation liner regression formula that can express their quantitative relationship.RESULTS: A poly-variation liner regression was got. The formula was D=69. 750-0. 724×CD-0. 630×ACD-2. 207× LENS-1. 728×VlTR (r=0. 87).CONCLUSlON: The diopter of high school students seems able to be predicted through biometric data of CD, ACD, LENS and VlTR.
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·AlM: To explore the treatment effect of initial lacrimal passage irrigation and probing in neonatal dacryocystitis. · METHODS: ln this retrospective case series study, 224 outpatients ( 256 eyes ) with neonatal dacryocystitis were selected from January 2012 to December 2012 in our hospital.The patients were divided into 5 groups ( 1 ~3mo, 4~60mo, 7 ~9mo, 10 ~12mo and >12mo).lnitial lacrimal passage irrigation and probing were operated, the therapeutic effect of different groups were compared. ·RESULTS:ln this study, 256 eyes of 224 cases, 242 eyes (94.5%) were cured and 14 eyes ( 5.5%) were failed. Bony nasolacrimal duct obstruction happened more obviously in children aged more than 10mo with lower cure rate.More probing was required with the children aged (Spearman rank correlation analysis, γs=0.746, P · CONCLUSlON: The treatment of primary lacrimal passage irrigation and probing in neonatal daryocystitisis effective and safe, the optimal timing of treatment is 1 ~9mo.With the growth of age, the cure rate is decreased.
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Twenty-four endophytic actinomycetes strains were isolated from the Salvia przewalskii in Tibetan Plateau of China by tablet coating method. Fusarium moniliforme, Helminthosporium turcicum and Bipolaris maydis were selected as indicator fungi to test the antimicrobial activities of these endophytic actinomycetes by tablet confrontation method. The results showed that 21 strains can produce antimicrobial substances which accounts for 85.7% of the total separates number. Four strains of endogenous actinomyces have more obvious antifungi activity. According to results of morphology and culture properties and 16S rDNA sequences of endophytic actinomyces, it is concluded that all of the isolates were streptomycetes trains.
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Actinomyces , Chemistry , Genetics , China , DNA, Ribosomal , Genetics , Fusarium , Helminthosporium , Salvia , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Technetium-99m or (99m)Tc is widely used for labeling peptide in nuclear medicine. Somatostatin and its analog can inhibit tumor cell growth after binding with its receptor. This research was to study the preclinical effect of a new (99m)Tc-6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC)-depreotide, indirect (99m)Tc labeling of depreotide using HYNIC as a bifunctional chelator.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cyclopeptide, cyclo-[(N-Me) Phe-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Hcy], the linear peptide, and [ClCH(2)-CO×b-Dap-Lys- Cys-Lys×amide] were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase synthesis. The cyclopeptide and the linear peptide were linked by liquid-phase synthesis. The product depreotide was isolated and purified by high performance liquid chromatography and was confirmed by mass spectrography. Depreotide was labeled with (99m)Tc through a direct labeling method, using HYNIC as a bifunctional chelator. Paper chromatography method was used to calculate the labeling rate, and through the comparative analysis selected the best mark conditions. The new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide was tested by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The internalization and externalization rates of the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide were studied in A549 cells. Furthermore, biodistribution of the radiopeptide was studied in nude mice, bearing tumors from human lung carcinoma cells SPC-A1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The molecular of synthesize depreotide was 1358, and the purity of it was 95.29%. The labeling efficiency of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide was highest at pH 6.0 and 15°C, about (70.95 ± 0.84)%. The labeling rate of the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide rose to a peak of (20.75 ± 0.48)% at 60 minutes in A549 cells at 37°C and decreased slightly later, while it elevated gradually during the time course at 4°C and 25°C. The internalization rate of the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide at 37°C increased gradually and reached the peak of 84.4% in 120 minutes, while the externalization rate of the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide was always less than 20%. In mice bearing the experimental SPC-A1 tumor, the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide demonstrated a high tumor uptake of (4.05 ± 0.04)% ID/g at 1.5 hpi and remained high ((2.51 ± 0.06)% ID/g) at 4 hpi. The tumor-to-lung activity concentration ratio (T/Lu) was very high for the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide at all time points. So did the tumor-to-muscle activity (T/Mu) and tumor-to-blood activity concentration ratios (T/Bl).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The findings suggested that the new (99m)Tc-HYNIC-depreotide might be a promising candidate radiopharmaceutical for imaging somatostatin receptor positive lung cancer.</p>